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Production

In order to prepare catgut, the intestines are cleaned, freed from fat, and steeped in water. After that, the external membrane is scraped off with a blunt knife. The intestines are then once again steeped for some time in lye (a caustic alkali, usually potassium hydroxide orsodium hydroxide), and then smoothed and equalized by drawing out. Next, they are subjected to the antiseptic action of the fumes of burning sulfur (i.e. sulfur dioxide), dyed if necessary, sorted into sizes, and twisted together into cords of various numbers of strands according to their uses. The best strings for musical instruments are reputedly from Italy, and are called “Roman strings”. It is found that lean animals yield the toughest gut.

Common uses

For a long period, catgut was the most common material for the strings of harps, lutes, violins, violas, and cellos, as well as otherstringed musical instruments, as well as older marching snare drums. Most musical instruments produced today use strings with cores made of other materials, generally steel or synthetic polymer. Gut strings are the natural choice for many classical and baroque string players,^{[citation needed]} and catgut strings are still most commonly preferred in concert-tension pedal/grand and some lever harpsbecause they give a richer, darker sound as well as withstanding high tension within low alto, tenor, and high-bass ranges.^{[citation needed]}

Catgut suture was once a widely used material in surgical settings. There is debate about whether to continue using catgut in a medical setting, since cotton is usually cheaper and wounds closed with either cotton or synthetic threads are less prone to infection.^[6] Catgut sutures continue to be used in developing countries where they are locally less expensive and easier to obtain.^{[citation needed]} Natural gut is still used as a high-performance string in tennis racquets, although it had more popularity in the past and is being displaced by synthetic strings.

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